{"id":98531,"date":"2016-06-06T07:34:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-06T07:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ac-franchise.com\/article\/les-obligations-du-franchise-avant-de-signer-un-contrat-de-franchise-2569"},"modified":"2016-06-06T07:34:00","modified_gmt":"2016-06-06T07:34:00","slug":"les-obligations-du-franchise-avant-de-signer-un-contrat-de-franchise-2569","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ac-franchise.com\/article\/les-obligations-du-franchise-avant-de-signer-un-contrat-de-franchise-2569","title":{"rendered":"Les obligations du franchis\u00e9 avant de signer un contrat de franchise"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Les dispositions de l’article L. 330-3 du Code de commerce (ex loi doubin) mettent \u00e0 la charge du franchiseur l’obligation de fournir un document (dip, document d’information pr\u00e9 contractuel) donnant des informations sinc\u00e8res pr\u00e9cisant, notamment, l’importance du r\u00e9seau d’exploitants, les conditions de renouvellement, de r\u00e9siliation et de cession du contrat ainsi que le champ des exclusivit\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 permettre au futur franchis\u00e9 de s’engager en connaissance de cause. <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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Faire une \u00e9tude d’implantation<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

La Cour d’appel de Paris, dans un arr\u00eat en date du 14 septembre 2011 (Cour d’appel Paris, P\u00f4le 5, chambre 4, 14 Septembre 2011, Num\u00e9ro JurisData : 2011-019510), rappelle clairement qu’il appartient, en revanche, au franchis\u00e9\u00a0 de proc\u00e9der, lui-m\u00eame, \u00e0 une analyse<\/strong> d’implantation pr\u00e9cise<\/strong> lui permettant d’appr\u00e9cier le potentiel, et, par l\u00e0 m\u00eame, la viabilit\u00e9 du fonds de commerce qu’il envisage de cr\u00e9er :<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0si ledit document ne comportait pas d’\u00e9tat local du march\u00e9 et s’il appartenait effectivement au franchiseur de pr\u00e9senter l’\u00e9tat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et local du march\u00e9, le candidat \u00e0 la franchise se devait, en revanche, de r\u00e9aliser lui-m\u00eame une \u00e9tude pr\u00e9cise de son march\u00e9 local et de sa zone sp\u00e9cifique de chalandise ; que M. O. ne d\u00e9montre nullement avoir effectu\u00e9 lui-m\u00eame sa propre \u00e9tude d’implantation ni avoir r\u00e9alis\u00e9 ses propres estimations de chiffres d’affaires.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

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V\u00e9rifier l’\u00e9tude pr\u00e9visionnelle chiffr\u00e9e<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

De m\u00eame le franchis\u00e9 ne peut reprocher au franchiseur de lui avoir fourni des chiffres pr\u00e9visionnels sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux r\u00e9alis\u00e9s, car le franchis\u00e9 a dipos\u00e9 d’un d\u00e9lai de 6 mois avant la conclusion d\u00e9finitive du contrat pour s’assurer du potentiel et de la viabilit\u00e9 de l’activit\u00e9 projet\u00e9e. Pour ce faire, il lui appartenait de r\u00e9aliser une \u00e9tude de march\u00e9 local pour d\u00e9terminer le lieu d’implantation du fonds de commerce, ce qu’il a manqu\u00e9 de faire:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0les chiffres retenus dans tout compte pr\u00e9visionnel, pour l’\u00e9tablissement duquel il sera soulign\u00e9 que le franchiseur reste d\u00e9biteur d’une seule obligation de moyens, rev\u00eatent un caract\u00e8re n\u00e9cessairement al\u00e9atoire li\u00e9 au talent commercial du franchis\u00e9 et \u00e0 la nature \u00e9volutive inh\u00e9rente \u00e0 tout march\u00e9 ; que M. O., en s’abstenant d’effectuer pour son propre compte le travail de prospection et de pr\u00e9vision aff\u00e9rent \u00e0 l’exploitation envisag\u00e9e et en se contentant d’ent\u00e9riner les informations fournies par l’intim\u00e9e, a m\u00e9connu la responsabilit\u00e9 inh\u00e9rente \u00e0 tout commer\u00e7ant ind\u00e9pendant\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

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Connaissance des documents pr\u00e9-contractuels<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

En ce qui concerne la preuve de la d\u00e9livrance des informations pr\u00e9-contractuelles par le franchiseur, la Cour d’appel constate que \u00ab\u00a0le pr\u00e9ambule du contrat de franchise pr\u00e9cise que le franchis\u00e9 reconna\u00eet avoir eu communication de tous les documents et informations pr\u00e9 contractuels exig\u00e9s par la l\u00e9gislation applicable ; que, dans ces conditions, et compte tenu notamment du temps dont l’appelant a dispos\u00e9 pour affiner et parfaire son appr\u00e9ciation du march\u00e9 local, les \u00e9ventuels manquements \u00e0 telle ou telle exigence l\u00e9gale n’ont pu, de toute fa\u00e7on, \u00eatre constitutifs d’un dol ou d’une erreur de nature \u00e0 vicier le consentement de M. O. et \u00e0 justifier sa demande aux fins d’annulation de celui-ci \u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n

\n

Les torts d’un ex-franchis\u00e9<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

Enfin, la Cour sanctionne le franchis\u00e9 et\u00a0 constate la r\u00e9siliation du contrat \u00e0 ses torts car il a cess\u00e9 de payer les redevances et le condamne pour parasitisme \u00e9conomique car il a poursuivi l’exploitation du fonds de commerce apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9siliation du contrat de franchise en utilisant l’enseigne<\/strong> et les signes distinctifs du franchiseur sans paiement d’une contre-partie. En l’esp\u00e8ce le risque de confusion dans l’esprit de la client\u00e8le est encore accru par le fait que l’exploitation s’est poursuivie dans les m\u00eames lieux. Le franchis\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9parer le pr\u00e9judice subi par le franchiseur compte tenu de la gravit\u00e9 et de la dur\u00e9e des agissements \u00e0 hauteur de 75 000 euros.<\/p>\n

Philippe Marin Avocat, cabinet Inglese, Marin et associ\u00e9s<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les dispositions de l’article L. 330-3 du Code de commerce (ex loi doubin) mettent \u00e0 la charge du franchiseur l’obligation de fournir un document (dip, document d’information pr\u00e9 contractuel) donnant des informations sinc\u00e8res pr\u00e9cisant, notamment, l’importance du r\u00e9seau d’exploitants, les conditions de renouvellement, de r\u00e9siliation et de cession du contrat ainsi que le champ des 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